Hull

Hull acts as last defense. When hulls hit points are depleted, ship is destroyed. Amount of hull can be seen at ship info screen and as wider grey bar at up right corner of screen.

Integrity
Maximum hit points of the hull (and ship).

Armor
Armor simply gives flat damage reduction based on damage type. Each point of armor blocks:

Ships have 87.5 armor base along with what the hull adds, along with 0.5 armor per 1% of hull missing
 * 0.36 damage against Beam and Armor Piercing damage, along with ignoring 12.5 armor
 * 0.18 damage against Infected damage, along with ignoring 50 armor
 * 0.6 damage of all other damage types

This damage reduction is capped at 88% for  each instance  of incoming damage. We’ll discuss the implications a bit later.